The financial risks in build-operate-transfer projects

The build-operate transfer (BOT) approach for developing infrastructure projects is a technique that allows fast realization of public works in cases of a shortage of public funds. This process is full of risks, due mainly to the complexity and extend of the disciplines, public agencies and stakeholders involved. The identification, classification and presentation of a comprehensive list of this type of risks will provide BOT project practitioners with a useful tool in the effort of setting up successfully a BOT concession agreement. The approach presented provides a practical insight into 27 financial risks, which are associated with the BOT projects in their lifecycle. This is achieved through proper justification and description of the content of each risk. Furthermore, a categorization of the risks is presented, according to the stage at which they occur and the sources of their origin. The findings of this research would facilitate the risk analysis process that is being conducted by risk managers prior to bidding for a BOT project and during the negotiation period.