A hybrid SD-DES simulation approach to model construction projects

Purpose - The purpose of this research is to propose a hybrid simulation framework which can take into account both the continuous and operational variables affecting the performance of construction projects. Design/methodology/approach - System dynamics (SD) simulation paradigm is implemented for the modelling of the complex inter-related structure of continuous variables and discrete event simulation (DES) is implemented for the modelling of operational influencing factors. A hybrid modelling framework is then proposed through combination of SD and DES to simulate the construction projects. Findings - This paper discusses the deficiencies of two traditional simulation methods - SD and DES - for simulation of construction projects which can be compensated by implementing hybrid SD-DES model. Different types of basic hybrid structures and synchronisation methods of SD and DES models are introduced. Practical implications - The proposed hybrid framework discussed in this research will be beneficial to modellers to simulate construction projects. Originality/value - The paper introduces a theoretical framework for a hybrid continuous- discrete simulation approach which can take into account the dynamics of project environment arising from the complex inter-related structure of various continuous influencing factors as well as the construction operations. Different steps required to develop the hybrid SD-DES model and synchronisation of SD and DES simulation methods are illustrated.