Animation-based construction schedule review

Three-dimensional (3-D) computer aided design (CAD) and its integration with project schedules (4-D CAD) are promising technologies in design and construction. This paper represents a second study on the effectiveness of visualization on project planning. While the initial study investigated 2-D, 3-D and walk-thru technologies' impact on project schedule development, the subsequent study reported herein, focuses on the impact of 3-D/4-D visualization on project schedule review. Experimental results provide quantitative evidence of the advantages of 3-D/4-D representations for schedule review for construction projects.