Long-term monitoring and performance of ground source heat pumps

The results of a full annual cycle of detailed monitoring of ten domestic ground source heat pump systems installed in similar properties are presented. The monitoring scheme used was designed to allow full characterization of the system, including monitoring of the heat supplied by the pump to both space-heating and domestic hot water, and also monitoring of the energy consumption of the various heat pump constituents. This approach is contrasted with a more commonly adopted approach where seasonal performance factors (SPF) are obtained without invading the heat pump enclosure. A number of issues are discussed which can lead to significant inconsistencies in the latter approach. Quantitative differences in the SPF obtained by the two methods are calculated or estimated for the monitored systems. Generally, the simpler approach leads to underestimation of the SPF by an amount which is variable and dependent on factors such as domestic hot water usage, pump settings and precise meter locations.