A systemic BIM innovation model in the construction supply chain

The construction supply chain operates in a complex sociotechnical environment with entangled relationships between different enterprises. This complexity is mainly attributed to the project-based work method, project’s temporary nature, and divergent objectives of the organisations involved. In this context, information and communication technologies (ICTs) promise a significant improvement in terms of productivity, predictability and performance towards construction project’s goals in such an environment. Previous research has focused on models of acceptance of various ICT, such as BIM, and actor’s needs at organisational or individual levels. However, effective BIM innovation diffusion with tangible results in the industry requires further adoption and appropriation within complex networks of supply chains. As such, BIM innovations at interorganisational levels are called systemic BIM innovations. Diffusing systemic BIM innovations require attention to the entire supply chain considering each organisation’s needs, factors for acceptance in the supply chain context and the social linkages between organisations. However, the systemic BIM innovations in the construction industry have not been sufficiently investigated. The aim of this paper is to present a critical review of literature on the diffusion of systemic BIM innovations in the construction industry ecosystem. A conceptual model of systemic BIM innovation is developed and presented. The proposed model incorporates factors to assess the impact of a top-down implementation, such as UK government agenda, against a more 'natural process' of innovation adoption. This paper concludes that the systemic BIM innovation could be applicable in both the public and private sector in the UK and overseas, and presents directions for empirical validation.