Transformation, flow, and value constellations in AEC projects

A void exists in development of design theory methodology (DTM) within the structural engineering community. This void hampers efforts to resolve performance deficiencies including cost over-runs, unplanned rework, and sub-optimal design. In manufacturing, product design and production improvements have resulted from implementation of the design structure matrix (DSM) methodology. DSM use within the architecture engineering construction (AEC) industry has been effective, but sporadic, and focused primarily in the UK. Activity DSM offers a means to represent, analyse, and decompose complex systems in order to improve their performance. Research presented in this dissertation relates the nature of AEC production systems to highly influential forms of dependence within activity networks. When applied in conjunction with complementary process-management tools, insights into dependence networks extending beyond the activity domain are illustrated. These extensions include: networks forming the dependence constellations (interconnecting structures) of T-transformation, F-flow, and V-value domains (TFV constellations). This dissertation presents two case studies: (1) The primary proof-of-concept case examines and documents the implementation of DSM on a seismic retrofit design through 'action' research. Traditional and optimized processes are compared through the use of DSM, swim-lane diagrams, and critical path method schedules. (2) The validation case demonstrates the feasibility of translating value stream maps into DSM representations for the purpose of production-system analysis and optimization. This dissertation describes the use of group brainstorming, collocated design sessions, rapid feedback, set-based design, and collaborative design aids to increase overall effectiveness of teams working on highly dependent blocks of work. Research findings extend lean production theory and confirm the suitability of tools for use in design planning. One such tool, DSM, correctly identified iterative activities central to design and provided: (1) a common vocabulary to discuss rework in the context of a multidisciplinary design team, (2) a rational method to schedule team collocation and brainstorming efforts to maximize their benefit, and (3) a means to consider iterative activities and associated hand-offs in design work structuring. Conclusions presented regarding the interdependence of TFV constellations merit additional investigation in applications inside as well as outside of AEC, including manufacturing and new product development.