Integration and interoperability of IT applications and information in construction - a study in nD modelling

Information fragmentation has been identified as a major contribution to the huge waste in the architecture/engineering/construction (AEC) industry. Information and communication technology (ICT) has been recognized as one of the effective solutions to this problem. Although a number of IT applications have been developed and applied for various purposes in the AEC industry, it still lacks integrated technologies and applications, which can deal with comprehensive trade-off of the overall issues that should be taken into account in the lifecycle of a building project.