Earthworks planning for linear construction projects

This thesis describes an investigation into earthworks planning for linear projects concentrating on earthworks activity generation and includes documentation of a developed earthworks planning model. Investigations into previously researched work in this field indicate that few formalised techniques have been developed for generating earthworks activities. Two main schools of thought have evolved concerning earthworks planning. The first is based on a graphical technique using what is known as the mass-haul diagram. This approach has been widely adopted in industry and continues today to be one of the most popular means of creating earthworks activities. The second is based on the use of mathematical techniques in an attempt to find optimum solutions for earthworks activities. Both approaches have relative strengths and weaknesses and there is the need for a formalised technique that can utilise the advantages of each of the methods as well as overcome the shortfalls. Recognition of earthworks characteristics together with investigations into alternative solutions has led to the development of a new earthworks planning model. This model both generates and evaluates earthworks activities and combines the use of the widely used mass-haul diagram together with planners' knowledge and expertise (by means of a knowledge-based expert system). One of the most important characteristics of the developed model is the ability to evaluate earthworks activity sets on a multi-criteria basis. In addition to this the use of activity cut-fill pairs has been developed. The model has been tested and evaluated by the use of a computer model which has been developed alongside the model. This computer model has had extensive input and evaluation from industry. Conclusions from the research and suggestions for future work are also presented.