A state-based framework using indicators for construction monitoring and evaluation

Control methods in construction have focused primarily at the management level, and most data collection methods for monitoring construction at the operational level in the field have been inadequate for in-process production evaluation. For effective control (i.e. , monitoring, evaluation, replanning, and adjustment) of today's and tomorrow's sites, there is need for: (a) shorter time delay between the time of performance on site and the time when action can be taken to improve production, (b) a monitoring system adapted for the unique features in construction, (c) the flexibility to integrate automated real-time feedforward and feedback information, and (d) the ability to coordinate different levels of technology which coexist in the multi-agent construction system. The main purpose of this research is to identify and test a method for the monitoring and evaluation of construction production as an initial step toward total production control. Specific objectives are: (1) To analyze control requirements for multi-task, multi-agent, and customized product oriented construction systems. (2) To assess control structures used in domains such as business and manufacturing. (3) To propose, design, develop and validate a framework that has the flexibility required for the construction environment. (4) To extend and test monitoring techniques to match the framework and the characteristics of construction. The hierarchical approach was chosen as the control structure because of its similarity with the traditional organization of construction functions and also due to its reported success in other domains. A conceptual framework using the state-based approach in coordination with feedback was developed for construction monitoring and evaluation using indicators. The essence of this approach involves analysis of production at discrete times (i.e. , when changes occur), rather than on a continuous basis. Indicators measure the status of selected variables and relate them to the output when the output of the system cannot be directly assessed. This research demonstrated that the state-based framework using indicators is a sound concept for the production monitoring and evaluation in construction, and a flexible structure for use as a link in computer integrated construction.