Emissions in different stages of economic development in nations

Purpose: This paper analyzed country-wise energy consumption, sources of emissions, and how it gets impacted by their socioeconomic development and provides a framework for integrated climate and development policy. Design/methodology/approach: An analysis of energy supply, consumption and emissions across developed and developing economies using long-term empirical data. Findings: The framework provided areas to be focused on reducing emissions during the economic and social development trajectory of nations. Research limitations/implications: It provides a holistic and integrated picture of the context of emissions that induced global warming and developmental challenges for different types of countries. Practical implications: All nations must reduce fossil fuel consumption to reduce anthropogenic greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions to keep the planet's temperature rise within 1.5 degrees Celsius compared to the preindustrial period. Social implications: Sustainable/green technologies might need upfront investment to implement sustainable technologies. Originality/value: The main contribution of this paper is to provide a long-term integrated perspective on energy demand and supply, emissions, and a framework for the formulation of an integrated climate and development policy.