Research on near-miss incidents monitoring and early warning system for building construction sites based on blockchain technology

With the expansion of the scale of construction projects, the safety situation of construction projects has become more and more severe, and strengthening near-miss event management can effectively improve the safety management level of building construction sites and prevent safety accidents from occurring. However, the traditional monitoring and early warning systems rely on manual supervision, which is heavy and inefficient and cannot detect near-miss events in time. In the context of big data, blockchain technology, which is widely used, has the characteristics of decentralization, distrust, openness, nontamperability, and traceability, which can improve the safety of building construction sites to a certain extent. The primary objective of this study is to automatically monitor and early warn of near-miss events at building construction sites through the use of blockchain technology to effectively avoid the occurrence of building construction site safety accidents and reduce the incidence of safety accidents. To achieve this objective, we first constructed a knowledge base of near-miss events at building construction sites. Then, the near-miss event monitoring and early warning system for building construction sites based on blockchain technology was established. Finally, the near-miss incidents of not wearing safety belts working at height, which exists on the construction site, were used as an example to verify the feasibility and reliability of the monitoring and early warning system. The results show that the monitoring and early warning system has strong feasibility and practicability, and has certain research value. As the primary contribution, this paper developed a method of using blockchain technology for near-miss event monitoring and early warnings at building construction sites, which can realize real-time monitoring and automatic early warning, detect near-miss events in time, help trace the responsibility of events at a later stage, and improve the safety management level of building construction sites. Practical Applications This study suggests that blockchain technology can somewhat improve the safety management level of construction sites. This study developed a method for near-miss event monitoring and early warning at building construction sites by employing blockchain technology. The application of blockchain in the field of construction safety has attracted more and more attention, but the research on construction site safety is still in its infancy. With the continuous development and growth of the construction industry, construction site safety accidents occur frequently, but each accident is preceded by the occurrence of near-miss incidents. If near-miss events can be reduced and the management of near-miss events can be strengthened, the occurrence of safety accidents at building construction sites can be effectively reduced. In this paper, we introduce blockchain technology to secure data transmission and access using hash algorithms, realize timely warnings using smart contracts, verify and store data using blockchain data structures, and generate and update data using distributed nodes. By establishing a monitoring and early warning system for near-miss events at building construction sites based on blockchain technology, the occurrence of near-miss events can be effectively prevented and controlled, and the incidence of safety accidents can be reduced.