Investigating how women leaders and managers support other women's entrance and advancement in construction and engineering

Women's representation in construction and engineering continues to be low. Drawing on the stewardship theory, we investigated how women in the top management team and women in management drive the appointment and promotion of women at management and nonmanagement levels, respectively. We used a time lag research design and archival data from 495 construction and engineering organizations operating in Australia. The results of structural equation modeling suggest positive relationships between women's representation in management and both the appointments and promotions of women in nonmanagement roles. The findings also suggest some unpredicted relationships: women's representation in management is linked to the appointments of women managers, and hiring more female managers is linked to the promotion of more female managers. Together, these findings suggest that female managers act as "stewards"in their individual capacity.