BIM critical-success factors in the design phase and risk management: Exploring knowledge and maturity mediating effect

The effective use of building information modeling (BIM) in the design phase generates countless benefits that contribute to risk management (RM). However, a better understanding of the relationship between the critical-success factors (CSFs) in the design phase has not yet been addressed. This study aims to investigate the influence of BIM CSFs in the design phase in the RM process, exploring the mediating effect played by BIM knowledge, RM knowledge, and BIM maturity. The research design applies the partial least-squares structural equation modeling technique, and the variables were collected by a survey with a sample of 195 respondents from different countries. The results pointed out that earlier and accurate three-dimensional (3D) visualization of the design was the top-ranked recognized design factor in the use of BIM. The findings also indicated that BIM design CSFs have a positive impact on the RM process. Furthermore, there is a positive and significant indirect effect of BIM knowledge, RM knowledge, and BIM maturity through the path of BIM Design CSF on RM.