Quantifying levels of wasted time in construction with meta-analysis

Quantifying the waste present in an operation is an important part of a number of performance improvement initiatives in the architecture engineering construction industry. Contemporary management approaches focus on waste minimization to reduce operating costs and to increase operating responsiveness and flexibility. In construction, studies have been conducted over the past 30 years as part of productivity-improvement efforts that have documented levels of wasted time in construction activities. This paper draws on the methodology of meta-analysis to provide a synthesis of the findings across all of these studies. The analysis reveals that an average of 49.6% of time in construction is devoted to wasteful activity, although this amount is widely varied. Among other things, these results demonstrate considerable potential for improvement in construction through initiatives that reduce levels of wasteful activity.