Site-layout modeling: How can artificial intelligence help?

Using the site-layout task as an example to compare existing practices and tools used in industry and research environments, this paper puts artificial intelligence (AI) modeling techniques in perspective. The site-layout task is characterized, field practice is described, and a thorough review of available tools for layout product modeling (including physical models and computer-aided design tools) and process modeling (using AI as well as operations research methods) is presented. A rationale is provided for why many such tools have failed to gain widespread use in the construction industry. Comparing the capabilities as well as the data and knowledge needs of computer programs with those of construction practitioners reveals a large discrepancy, which is also apparent when fitting the layout literature in a comprehensive table. This paper argues that AI-based systems can reduce this discrepancy by better matching model capabilities with industry needs, and, therefore, suggests that such models will become valuable decisionsupport tools for construction management.