Technology-transfer (t2) model for expert systems

Increased complexity of facilities, owners' changing needs, inadequate construction methods, and international competition have created strong demands for advanced construction technology. Recent developments in computer-aided design and expert systems provide the architecture-engineering-construction (AEC) industry with significant potential for innovation. However, adoption of these computer technologies by a majority of AEC firms faces many hurdles. This paper describes, refines, and expands the process of technology transfer in an organization. The process focuses on the transfer of expert-systems technology and is based on the models of innovation developed by Rogers, Shaffer, and Tatum, and on case studies of expert systems technology adoption in several industries. Understanding the technology transfer process, recognizing its players, and identifying the critical factors affecting it will lead to practical recommendations for increasing the rate of construction innovation and technology transfer.