Union and open shop labor cost differences

One area within the construction industry that has dramatically changed is the growth of open shop construction. This growth suggests that open shop general contractors may have a competitive advantage over union general contractors. This paper investigates productivity and wage rate variances between Colorado open shop and union general contractors on projects completed since January 1981. Though there is little productivity variance, a significant variance of wage rates indicate the Colorado open shop general contractor presently has a clear overall labor advantage. The productivity and wage rate variance of 29 individual project job tasks were investigated. Data was collected from 35 union and 20 open shop contractors' project labor costs reports. Additional information was collected during interviews with representatives of eleven general contractors. The productivity and wage rate variances are described by individual job tasks; by the union craft jurisdictions of laborers, carpenters, ironworkers, and cement finishers; and by an overall comparison between open shop and union general contractors.