Application of structure–behavior–function (SBF) theory to construction education

To support students developing a better understanding of the complexity of construction processes, the authors proposed an experimental learning environment called Case-based Active Knowledge Environment (CAKE) and tested it against a conventional learning environment. CAKE was developed based on the structure–behavior–function (SBF) theory. Two separate experiments were conducted to test the use of CAKE. The results show that when information contained in both learning environments is similar, CAKE does not demonstrate a clear advantage over the conventional learning environment, when students are describing or predicting the case in terms of using more structure, behavior or function concepts. However, students using CAKE perform better in using concepts correctly to describe the case. This result may correlate with the selection, design and analysis of the case study, particularly the differentiation between salient and non-salient concepts. Measures to be taken in the future to enhance the research are also discussed.